The words lumber and timber are often used interchangeably, especially in the UK. However, there are key differences that every wood crafter should know.
Timber refers to wood that is either in its original status or has undergone minimal processing. Lumber on the other hand has been processed (milled, sawed, etc.) and is generally ready to be used in woodworking projects as brought.
Species of timber can be categorised as hardwood (oak, walnut, etc.) or softwood (pine, spruce, etc.). Whereas, lumber is split into rough lumber and dimensional lumber.
Due to their contrasting levels of processing, the common uses of lumber vs timber will differ too. The latter is great for structural projects and other heavy-duty uses. As such, they are often the go-to choice for framing beams. It can also be used for bed frames and other larger furniture pieces that have less intricate design features. Timber is also a popular choice for fuel.
Lumber is frequently used for woodworking tasks including crafts. The type of project will dictate whether it’s better to choose long or short lumber but popular crafts include making furniture, bowls, homewares, and wooden jewellery.
Both types of wood are ultimately sustainable as new trees can be planted, giving them a huge advantage over many alternatives. However, timber is either unprocessed or minimally processed. So, it is the most environmentally suitable solution for suitable projects.
Lumber is still a superior choice to most, especially when sourced locally from the UK and treated in a more eco-friendly way. Crucially, accurate processes minimise waste material, which is great for the environment and something you should look to continue during your woodcrafting projects.
When making the choice between lumber and timber, it’s also important to consider the financial costs. Timber can often work out as the most cost-effective solution for large-scale projects because you can buy huge pieces and cut them down to the intended size for construction. The fact that they do not undergo lots of processing keeps costs down for suppliers, which is ultimately passed on to you.
Lumber is still the more cost-effective choice when you only need a small amount, such as for woodcrafts. Generally speaking, softwoods are cheaper due to short maturing times but hardwoods like alder and poplar are very affordable. Buying hardwoods on sale will also keep the costs down if you are open to different options.
When starting a project, you don’t only need to consider the design factors. You must also seek long-term function and durability. Lumber has already lost its bark and been processed, so it may be less durable. However, it does largely depend on the processing, which is another reason to opt for a trusted supplier.
Thankfully, there are scales to help you understand durability better. Class 4 timber is the weakest and will last up to 7 years whilst Class 1 will last for over 25 years with the right care. With lumber, durability may be supported by the processes it has undergone. So, you should always conduct the necessary research.
Whether it’s lumber or timber, all wood should undergo the right maintenance. Here are six simple steps for success;
Of course, you must also take care throughout any subsequent woodcraft projects. Always use the right tools and keep workspaces organised. You will not regret it.
